Einsteins Dreams - 2185 Words

Alan Lightmans Einsteins Dreams For those of us who believe in physics, this separation between past, present, and future is only an illusion, however tenacious. Albert Einstein For sure, one of the most important and discussed man of the 20th century is Albert Einstein - may be the most eminent German Jew. And many were the authors trying to describe the life and deeds of this prominent man. But one surely differs from the others in NOT trying to describe Einsteins life but imagine his dreams. His name is Alan Lightman and the book that does deserve this examination is Einsteins Dreams. First I must say a few words about the author. Mr. Lightman was born in United States of America, in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1948†¦show more content†¦Who wants to study and make money if he will not live longer than a few months? A sense of liberation envelops everyone. People pay their bills with smile, because money is losing its value, and they settle their differences with a shrug because there is nothing to worry about anymore. They do not seem to mind that the world will soon end, because everyone shares the same fate. A world with one month is a world of equality. Among the stories, there is an interesting fantasy of a world that has three dimensions instead of one. There every moment branches into three futures. A man stands on his fourth-floor balcony. Should he go to the womans house in Fribourg? Should he visit her? These questions torment his mind. Then the time divides into three. In one of the worlds the man decides not to see her again. He keeps to the company of men. He works hard at the pharmaceutical, where he hardly notices the female assistant manager. In three years he meets another nice woman. She makes love to him very slowly, over a period of months. They marry, they live quietly, grow old and contented. In the second world the man decides to meet the woman. He goes to her house in Fribourg. They sit on the couch and his heart pounds. They make love, loudly and with passion. After some time he moves to her place. She tramples him andShow MoreRelatedDaydreams Essay: Exam Question1127 Words   |  5 PagesDaydreams A day dream is defined as ‘a series of pleasant thoughts that distract one’s attention from the present’. In my opinion, a daydream is not a frivolous activity practiced only by a doe eyed schoolgirl during an unendurable French lesson. A daydream acts as a subconscious portal which allows one to escape from ones everyday life of stress and negative circumstances. One could almost say it is chewing gum for the mind. Of course, some differ in that view. A critically acclaimed authorRead MoreThe Great Albert Einstein Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagesorganize and formulate the most complex equations and designs, making light of problems previously thought to be impossible. Einstein’s education, life experiences, and â€Å"freethinking ability contributed to his success and ability in his life.† Albert Einstein, to this day is still one of the most accomplished and respected mathematician/ inventor in the world. Einstein’s journey was one filled with challenges, discoveries, and many accomplishments. On March 14, 1879, Albert Einstein was born inRead MoreEssay about einstein524 Words   |  3 Pages He was the embodiment of pure intellect, the bumbling professor with the German accent, a comic clichà © in a thousand films. Instantly recognizable, like Charlie Chaplins Little Tramp, Albert Einsteins shaggy-haired visage was as familiar to ordinary people as to the matrons who fluttered about him in salons from Berlin to Hollywood. Yet he was unfathomably profound — the genius among geniuses who discovered, merely by thinking about it, that the universe was not as it seemed. Even now scientistsRead MoreSalvador Dali and Science Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pages Within the realm of Surrealism, more specifically the surrealist group, they contain works that are overly subjective and involve definite notions to scientific observation of nature, as well as the interpretations of dreams. Encapsulating the former ideas of Albert Einstein, there is a close resemblance to theories that are at the very base of quantum mechanics. Upon further inspection, Salvador Dali’s artistic imagery and methodology, as well as Andrà © Breton’s, could be seen as expressions ofRead MoreThe Time Of Time Traveling1706 Words   |  7 Pagestraveling but thanks to Einstein’s theory of relativity which opened doors to a lot of physicists trying to find ways to travel to the future. Thus, so time travel is a real possibility. For you to believe I must address some issues first. Some people may argue that time doesn’t exist it is just a concept that humans made based on the earth orbiting around the sun so therefore, time travel is impossible. That once was believed to be the case, however, I’d like to point out Einstein’s theory of specialRead MoreSir Isaac Newton And Albert Einstein869 Words   |  4 Pagesdisrespect. At fifteen, he dropped out. After not being able to score high enough on the entrance exam for college, he went to a small Swiss school similar to community college except it lasted for four years. After graduating, he finally went to his dream school, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and fell in love with Physics. For the first time, he graduated with the highest honors. During years of multiple marriages and affairs, Einstein rose to fame in science. During this time, he alsoRead MoreDaydreams Essay: Exam Question1142 Words   |  5 PagesDaydreams A day dream is defined as ‘a series of pleasant thoughts that distract one’s attention from the present’. In my opinion, a daydream is not a frivolous activity practiced only by a doe eyed schoolgirl during an unendurable French lesson. A daydream acts as a subconscious portal which allows one to escape from ones everyday life of stress and negative circumstances. One could almost say it is chewing gum for the mind. Of course, some differ in that view. A critically acclaimed authorRead MoreAlbert Einstein Speech1071 Words   |  5 Pagesreally religious until he read a science book which differed from his beliefs. He was also influenced b67y a guy named Max Talmud who was a medical student who at times had ate with Einsteins family. Talmud tutored him and which at that time he introduced him to a children’s science textbook which started his dream about the nature of light. The book is written by Aaron Bernstein in 1867-1868. When his parents busines s failed a really important contract(also other deals), he had to go to the boardingRead MoreQuantum Theory Of Time Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesto be no space between them – and not even time can influence the deep connection. For years physicists have known that Einstein’s equations, and even those of the quantum theory, are â€Å"time-symmetrical† – time plays absolutely no role. There is no forward movement of time. This caused many scientists to question whether time even exists. Indeed, Einstein’s theories of relativity suggest not only that there is no single special present but that all moments are equally real. EinsteinRead MoreMathematical Connection Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagesuniversities. Hermanns contribution to mathematics involved his addition of a fourth dimension into the three dimensions of space time concept .He worked the concept of the space-time continuum Influenced by Albert Einsteins relativity theory of 1905 and later became the foundation of Einsteins general theory of relativity of 1916. John Von Neumann -(1903-1957) was born in Hungary and studied in Switzerland, Budapest and Berlin. In 1930 he immigrated to the United States to teach at Princeton

Analysis Of George Hemingway s Big Two Hearted River

The Modern Men No two men are exactly alike, not even identical twins. Some attributes, appearance, and ideology may mirror, but no two men are alike. Differences in how the world is perceived will allow this individual to stand together, but appear far apart. The modern method of writing allows for individuals do exactly that, stand together, but appear to be fair. Writers Ernest Hemingway and T.S. Eliot demonstrated such disassociation in living deliberately in time and place of Nick and J. Alfred Prufrock. Ernest Hemingway’s story Big Two-Hearted River tells the story of a young man who returns to his old fishing hole after the war. Nick, is his name and he returns home faced with some of the same feeling and thoughts of war. Although, he did have a home to return to, everything around him appeared demolished, at least in his mind. Nick, did what any other man returning home for war would do. He packed a backpack and set off for a fishing and camping trip, an attempt to esc ape reality, even if it was just to go fishing for a few days. As described in the story â€Å"the trout keeping themselves steady in the current with wavering fins† (Hemingway, 2015) which may resemble control of life and movement, â€Å"Nick’s obsession with controlling small details speaks to a deeply wounded man† (McDavid, 2013). As the trout in the water use its fins to control its’ movement, overcoming obstacles, Nick attempts to do the same. With a fishing pole and a backpack filled with useful tools,Show MoreRelatedEssay Mrs.Mallards character (The story of an hour)2246 Words   |  9 Pages Analysis of Hemingway’s Narrative Technique as a Short- Story Writer For many years, the narrative technique of Hemingway has been under debate. Writers before him had already achieved works that bear the characteristics of the modern short story, and many of their works could stand today, with those of Hemingway and of writers like Faulkner, as representative short stories of modern times. What distinguishes Hemingway both from his predecessors and from his contemporaries, however, is the theoryRead MoreAN ANALYSIS PAPER ON ANTON CHEKHOV’S THE SEAGULL AND THE CHERRY ORCHARD12092 Words   |  49 PagesHigh School Department A.Y. 2013-2014 In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements In English IV AN ANALYSIS PAPER ON ANTON CHEKHOV’S THE SEAGULL AND THE CHERRY ORCHARD Submitted to: Mrs. Joneth D. Vibar Submitted by: Vincent del Castillo IV-St.Francis of Assisi Outline of Analysis 1 Author’s Style 1.1 Anton Chekhov as a Playwright and Author of Short Stories 1.1.1 Russia’s best known Modern Playwright 1.1.1

Developing A Balanced Investment Portfolio

Question: Discuss about the Developing A Balanced Investment Portfolio for a Fund Manager. Answer: Introduction: When it comes to constructing a portfolio, different investors target different portfolio and select the fund manager depending on their requirements and preference. Selection of fund manager is just the initial requirement for the portfolio construction. In the wider sense, building of portfolio is the procedure of selecting the investments, which are best suited as the clients requirement of return with compared to risk tolerance level. Private and professional investors construct their portfolio in different ways. The easiest way to explain these strategies are top down test and bottom up test. Bottom up test: This approach is normally used by the private individual investor and starts from selecting the fund and the fund manager as per their choice. Only after completing this, they go for planning the portfolio with considering the risk and return factor. In addition, the clients behaviour, risk tolerance level and preference should be taken into consideration. The investors always prefers top-performing funds, which results into loss of money for them as they buy the top selling funds at a loss (Reddy et al. 2013) Top-down test: Professional investor, on the other hand, starts the investment plan with investigating the available funds. They apply various steps after generating a framework to select what type of investments is required. Only after analysing these factors, they select other investments or individual funds. Planning the portfolio after considering the investment objectives and risk tolerance level assist in meeting the targets within the acceptable level of risk (Mazzola and Gerace 2015). The top-down test normally goes along the following wide approaches: Deciding about how to distribute money over various categories of investment Select the type of investment where to invest Choose on the stability among index passive fund and actively managed fund Assessment of various fund manager and individual funds Figure 1: Construction methods of portfolio (Source: Han 2013) Steps in planning the portfolio: Allocation of asset: Asset is a thing of value, which includes stocks, bonds, cash, any other securities and physical things like car, house or inventories. One of the major factors of planning a portfolio is the allocation of assets. Allocation ensures that the portfolio has perfect mix of assets to suit the clients situation, expectation of return and risk tolerance level. Before planning for the portfolio, the clients attitude to risk must be evaluated. The fund manager can help the investor in determining their risk tolerance level. The planner must conduct a meeting with the client and decide about the allocation of asset that suits the client best with regard to his requirement (Speelman, Clark-Murphy and Gerrans 2013). Diversification: Diversification is stated as the segregation of money of the client over the various investments to lessen or protect against the unexpected risk in any individual market or particular investment. Investment risk is the risk of difference between the expectation and actual return of the investor. In order to minimise the risk the planner must diversify his risk among the wide mix of assets. The market of investment shifts in various cycles and reflects the potency of economy, sentiment of investors and trends of industry. The assets also shift as per the external aspects. For example, during unfavourable economic periods, people do not wish to buy expensive items and the manufacturing companies face down fall in sales, however, the producers of essential items like food may not experience the same situation. Diversification of portfolio can assist in smoothing out the difficulties in the market. Therefore, returns from well performing assets facilitates in offsetting those, which are not performing well (Gibson 2013). Balancing between return and risk: The perception of risk and return proposes that low level of risk will eventually lead to low level of return. The high level of risk will eventually fetch high level of return. However, no planner can guarantee about the proposition. It may happen that high-level risk involved investment may fetch big loss instead of profit. The fund manager just helps to construct the best possible portfolio for the client with regard to his return expectation and risk tolerance level. Using the strategy for allocation of asset assists in minimising the risk as per the market conditions. However, there are instances when the experience fund managers also get their timing wrong. Using the strategy can assist in assuring that the portfolio is balanced (Han 2013). Figure 2: Relation between risk and return (Source: Han 2013) Correlation: Correlation is a statistical calculation for the degree to which the shifting of various types of assets are correlated. For efficient allocation of assets, the fund manager often tends to combine the assets that are expected to perform well in various times. Generally, construction of portfolio starts with a blank paper and the collection of funds available for investment. However, in actual, most of the investor already has a segregation of asset before they start planning for investment. The fund manager assists in allocation of assets and then re-arranges the investment over time so that the client has best option to meet his expectations from investment (He, Grant and Fabre 2013). Major classes of assets: Investments are categorised into various classes of assets like, bonds, equities, cash and properties. The table shown below pointed out the various types of assets, their main characteristics and for which they are potentially suitable (Brown and Tiu 2013). Classes of assets Main characteristics Potential appropriateness Bonds Can offer a reliable and stable income with possibility of higher growth rate and interest rate; It involves oversees government bonds, corporate bonds and UK government bonds Long, medium or short term investors Equities Useful for monitory growth and are able to generate income through dividend payments and can be invested in oversees companies and UK Medium and Long-term investments, usually 5 years plus Cash Appropriate for short-term requirements such as future down payment on a new house. It generally includes term deposits and securities which pays higher rate of interest Short-term investors usually for up to three years Property Offer the advantages of diversification through right to use the properties in office, retail, tourism, industrial and infrastructure segments. And can be invested in UK as well as international assets Medium and Long-term investments, usually 5 years plus Table 1: Classification of assets (Sources: Created by author) Other potential securities are: Australian fixed interest: The benefits of investing in a spread portfolio of that bears interest can offer regular income. The amount invested with fixed rate of interest and taken from the State Governments, Commonwealth, Banks and any other Australian Ethical Charter that meets the criteria of USB Index for Composite Bond. The risk level is low to medium and the required period is 3 years. Oversees fixed interest: Overseas fixed interest aim to offer regular income and they are perfect for moderate capital growth over medium-term period. Standard risk level for overseas fixed interest are low and are intended to suit investors who are willing to take moderate levels of risk with a modest potential for capital appreciation (Calza, Monacelli and Stracca 2013). There are no arguments that shares are a major part of any portfolio for the investors who want a balanced portfolio with regular return with accepted level of risk. The reason behind this is over time, shares are expected to pay higher level of return than the investment potion like cash and bonds. However, it will not be a wise idea to put all the money in the same area as it is said with relation to investment that Dont put all your eggs in the same basket. Building share portfolio: Before buying the preferable stock from the market, the investor must consider the types of portfolio he is preferred to buy. Speculative trading is only a small element of the strategy to investment, as long-term investment is a strategy that works best for most of the investor, most of the time. Rather than investing in any particular bond or share or asset, diversification of investment over various funds gives best result for most of the investor. Every investor has different preference, however, most of the investors look for a mixture of income and capital gain and a return that is more than the average market return. There are various strategies to construct an index-beating portfolio, but beating the index is not the only major concern. The investor must consider how much he wants to beat it by, and the risk tolerance level to target the objective. Number of stock that should be bought: Assuming the primary objective of the investor to hit the index, the planner needs to evaluate exactly what is his requirement. The major market indexes are the reasonable representative cross-section of various areas of activity in the Australian economy. To create the same return as the index, the investor has buy all 300 or 500 stocks from that index, and he should capture the index return before costs. If the SP/ASX 300 earned 20% for the year, the portfolio would gain 20 per cent, before costs. If it fall, the portfolio will also fall. The fund managers set up quantitative methods for following the alterations in the components of the selected index as companies drop out, drop in, and simply copy the index portfolio. The best technique to hit the index is through the exact style of investing that suits private investors. For example, if the client has a fund of $5000, the value of setting up a investment of 10-stock would assure that the client will face problems earning a profi t even if the market rises. Hold only as many stocks as understood Investors often want to know about how many securities they must have in their portfolios, and the most common answer for that is: "as many as you understand". For the new investors, the number is generally five to 10 securities. On the contrary, for experienced investors the number may be less, in some instances it may be beneficial to put some money into a well-managed fund. Most of the part-time investors cannot control more than 12 portfolios. The investment criteria not only depend on the available time and knowledge of the investor but on the preference of expected return and risk tolerance level. As the fund manager constructs the portfolio based on his experience, he may target for a final holding of around 5 to 10 securities and possibly not more than 15, even if he is an experienced investor. Adjusting with the number of stocks is a confront for most of the private investors. Holding this number of stocks offers the investor some opportunity for diversification of portfolio through company type, company size, industry and so on. Holding various shares with different features means the portfolio should not experience too bad impact if one does the planning poorly and is benefitted with good planning. Allocation of assets for balanced portfolio: Assets Allocation (%) Range (%) Australian Fixed interest 27 10 to 50 Overseas Fixed interest 8 0 to 15 Cash 5 0 to 15 Defensive Assets 40 30 to 50 Australian Equities 30 10 to 30 Property 15 0 to 20 Infrastructure 6 0 to 12 High yield fixed interest 4 0 to 8 Alternatives 5 0 to 10 Growth Assets 60 50 to 70 Table 2: Allocation of Assets (Source: Created by Author) The above table shows the maximum and minimum amount that can be invested in each class of assets and is shown under the heading Range. The allocation of asset can be varied from time to time. The variations must be within the range as shown above (Plumb, Kent and Bishop 2013). The objective of the allocation as above is to invest in a wide category of assets, which have the capability of achieving the target over the long-term period. Probability of capital gains is there, however, chances of capital losses are also there. The strategy of investment included in the table are investment in a portfolio of fixed interest securities, overseas and Australian investment, listed property, cash and Australian equities. The risk measure for the above allocation is medium. The above portfolio is planned to suit the investors who are seeking moderate returns and willing to tale medium level of risk that is the requirement is of a balanced portfolio. The target time period is 5 to 6 years (Martinsuo and Killen 2014). Investment with available fund of $1 billion that is $100 million: Assets Allocation (%) Amount ($ millions) Australian Fixed interest 27 27 Overseas Fixed interest 8 8 Cash 5 5 Defensive Assets 40 40 Australian Equities 30 30 Property 15 15 Infrastructure 6 6 High yield fixed interest 4 4 Alternatives 5 5 Growth Assets 60 60 Table 3: Investment (Source: Created by author) The required return rate of the investor after expenses and taxes is 3% plus inflation. The present inflation rate as per CPI is 1.3%. Therefore the required rate of return is (1.3+3) = 4.3%. From Equity: Return rate is 10% From Fixed interest: Return rate is 5% From Infrastructure and property: Return rate is 4% Let the expenses and tax is 12%. Therefore, the return is (10+5+4-12) = 7%, which is more than the required return of 4.3% Recommendations for structuring the portfolio: Four major levels of diversification, which can be summarised with the wide principles, are as follows: For the total portfolio: The investor must consider holding various types of investments and not only the shares. The investor must consider investing part of his portfolio through managed funds to minimise the risk. For the share portfolio: The investor must hold more than the minimum number of shares in his portfolio, constructing up to 5 to 10 securities over time, and possibly 15 maximum for investors that are more skilled. Based on the energy and time that the client is willing to invest for the investment, if he chooses more than 10 stocks, then it will be problematic for him to keep track of all the investments. However, less than 5 will considerably increase the risk of big variations in value. The investor must hold securities in various sectors, so that his portfolio is revealed to expansion in various areas of the economy and is less susceptible to a downfall in any particular industry. The investor must seek various "categories" of available shares and should diversify his portfolio across the industries; the investor can get returns without taking too much risk if he includes speculative stocks and blue-chip to his portfolio. The investor must look for companies with various features. The investor can meet all types of successful companies right from the fast-growing companies to slow-growing companies or to rotating companies that may be bouncing back from the crucial positions or the companies that somehow managing to develop. The investor must choose the stocks that will fulfil his requirement. It is crucial to construct a portfolio that suits the investors approach of investing. If the investor is required to earn a regular income, he will have to search for at least two or three securities that will fulfil his purpose. Therefore, with considering whether a stock is equity, cash or speculative stock the planner must take into account the type of company and its performance. Diversifying the portfolio among the various stocks involving various level of risk assists to balance the portfolio. Moreover, the investor must understand the strong points and vulnerabilities of each stock of the portfolio. References: Brown, K. and Tiu, C., 2013.The interaction of spending policies, asset allocation strategies, and investment performance at university endowment funds(No. w19517). National Bureau of Economic Research. Calza, A., Monacelli, T. and Stracca, L., 2013. Housing finance and monetary policy.Journal of the European Economic Association,11(s1), pp.101-122 Gibson, R., 2013.Asset Allocation: Balancing Financial Risk: Balancing Financial Risk. McGraw Hill Professional. Han, L., 2013. Understanding the puzzling risk-return relationship for housing.Review of Financial Studies,26(4), pp.877-928. He, P.W., Grant, A. and Fabre, J., 2013. Economic value of analyst recommendations in Australia: an application of the BlackLitterman asset allocation model.Accounting Finance,53(2), pp.441-470. Martinsuo, M. and Killen, C.P., 2014. Value management in project portfolios: Identifying and assessing strategic value.Project Management Journal,45(5), pp.56-70. Mazzola, P. and Gerace, D., 2015. A Comparison Between a Dynamic and Static Approach to Asset Management Using CAPM Models on the Australian Securities Market.Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal,9(2), p.43. Plumb, M., Kent, C. and Bishop, J., 2013.Implications for the Australian economy of strong growth in Asia. Reserve Bank of Australia. Reddy, W., Higgins, D., Wist, M. and Garimort, J., 2013. Australian industry superannuation funds: investment strategies and property allocation.Journal of Property Investment Finance,31(5), pp.462-480. Speelman, C.P., Clark-Murphy, M. and Gerrans, P., 2013. Decision making clusters in retirement savings: Gender differences dominate.Journal of family and economic issues,34(3), pp.329-339.

Wallingford bowling free essay sample

The Wallingford Bowling Alley Wallingford bowling alley is a 24-hour state of the art bowling alley that is looking for areas to increase their profitability. The Wallingford bowling alley has opportunities to increase their margin as well as drive more daily sales. We see an opportunity for Wallingford because they already have a profitable business. By making the following advancements to achieve more business during slower times of the day they can seize this opportunity. By putting more consideration into using labor hours more effectively, creating community partnerships, and taking advantage of beneficial organizations, Wallingford will see a considerable growth in their bottom line and an expansion of their brand and recognition. Solutions for Growth The Wallingford bowling alley faces the opportunity to increase their profitability and simultaneously attain a larger return on investment. Through a reengineering process Wallingford bowling alley will drastically improve profits through promotions and cost control. There are several opportunities facing Wallingford that we will examine and analyze to determine the most effective course of action needed to achieve our goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Wallingford bowling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To help appeal to their consumers, Wallingford needs to enhance their image as well as their accommodations. With the addition of customized bowling balls to fit the needs of their customers, Wallingford would be able to bring in a new market looking for these higher end products. Also, by creating a more appealing menu to offer the residents of Wallingford they could potentially bring more customers that are interested in dining out. This could also create a new customer base for potential marketing. After looking at the times at which they are doing business as well as the reported expenses we were provided, we believe that there is a huge opportunity to cut costs by closing the top half of the bowling alley from the hours of 1am until noon. As you can see, about a third of Wallingford’s expenses come from payroll. By making these cuts in available lanes they can decrease this payroll amount and increase their profits. This will decrease utility costs, employee wages, and make the ally appear busier by having everyone bowling on one level during slower times. Say there are 3 employees needed to staff the upstairs when it is open; the average wage for an employee is $12 an hour. If cut, that’s $72 a day and over 26 thousand dollars a year going straight to increasing the bottom line and decreasing overhead costs. As well as cutting labor to help increase the bottom line we can help eliminate the threat of revenue loss on Sundays due to church services. Wallingford should offer discounted rates during times that church is in session. By focusing on getting these customers in the door they could increase revenue during a slower time of the week.  In order to take advantage of these slow times we saw an opportunity for the bowling alley to make some sales revenue. Wallingford could offer local schools a discounted rate for large groups to use the bowling alley for field trips or for Physical Education classes. This would give the bowling alley sales during slow periods and also gain interest for bowling in younger markets and hopefully a gain in future customers. Another opportunity is to join the Bowling Proprietors’ Association of America. The BPAA is an organization focused on enhancing the profitability of their members through grants and a stronger purchasing ability. The costs of becoming a member and loss of some administrative control create an opportunity cost for Wallingford but the long-term ability to be able to create programs with these grants would make up for the short-term costs. This would allow Wallingford to cut down on operation costs through the added buying power supplied by the BPAA, and the savings in money would go to the increased profits. Also, with the opportunity to receive grants from the BPAA, Wallingford would be able to start high school bowling programs to increase interest in the bowling alley. We felt Wallingford was not doing enough promotions to attract value conscious customers to their bowling alley. In order to capture more sales during slower periods we feel that offering special promotions like a free game with the purchase of an entrà ©e from the restaurant, the rental of  shoes would not be included in this promotion. Not only would this get more bowlers in Wallingford, but it would increase revenue for the restaurant located at the alley. This promotion would run from 10am to 2pm Monday through Friday. Other promotions would be happy hour bowling from 4pm to 7pm where bowlers could get a discounted rate for games during this period. So far, we have only focused on capturing sales during slower mid-day hours, but not for late night. The ability to be open 24 hours in a unique characteristic and sets them apart from a lot of other businesses. In order to take advantage of these late hours, we felt like having a late night bowling special. Bowlers who are up late would be able to take advantage of this opportunity. Also, in order to capture sales from bar going groups, partnering with alcohol companies or breweries could capture some of their customers and would increase popularity with an under-utilized group. These partnerships could also give Wallingford a cheaper form of advertisement and low cost or free labor from these partners. Wallingford can really tap into a new market by taking advantage of these promotions and partnerships. Strengths The BPAA allows their members to participate in numerous different buying promotions from office supplies to foods and drink. These discounts could save Wallingford money and increase their bottom line. The money that the BPAA could provide would help promote school partnerships by supporting transportation and other costs associated. This could increase interest with kids 13-18 and create returning customers. Increasing interest with this market influences other markets like parents of students looking for family activities. Weaknesses The cost of the BPAA is a draw-back. Like any premium membership there is a premium cost associated with it. However, with these costs come also numerous benefits and increased profitability. Membership costs would be offset by increased revenue and improved customer base. Another weakness may be loss of some creative or administrative control. Opportunities The partnership with high schools that the BPAA provides would cause an increase in high school tournaments being held at Wallingford. This would bring in hundreds of people on an annual basis and increase profits for food, drink, and merchandise. Threats Like in any business there are always substitutes for your consumers. In this case substitutes for Wallingford would be movie theatres, bars, and community events. 2) Cross Promotions and Partnerships Cross promotions are a low cost form of advertising that gives the company high exposure and strong partnerships with local business and takes advantage of other company’s loyal customers. Strengths The ability for Wallingford to utilize local businesses for co-sponsored events creates a higher exposure by advertising to new customers and creating high exposure. In addition to higher exposure for Wallingford the use of their partners’ labor and products would help with labor cost and product costs. Weaknesses The draw-back of these partnerships would be the conflict of two or more differing opinions from two or more organizations. There is also a certain level of uncertainty with these partnerships through not knowing the  expectations of each others’ business practices. These weaknesses could be harmful to the business practices of Wallingford but the opportunity to bring in a new customer base to the bowling alley is too big to not use this resource. Opportunities One of the opportunities that are involved with these partnerships is sponsorships. We believe that the addition of sponsored lanes would add an increase and draw in customers loyal to our sponsors which would bring in a new customer base. This would be a new market for Wallingford and would bring new customers and profits to the bowling alley. Threats There is a threat of customers who may be opposed to our sponsors and subsequently will not want to support the bowling alley. Paying attention to the opinions of their consumers can give insight on to who Wallingford chooses to do their cross promotions with. By implementing polls or surveys to their customers, they could find out what local business appeal to them and develop partnerships with them to create a more effective promotion and increased sales. The Decision We feel like the best solution for Wallingford would be to focus on cross promotions, partnerships and strategic alliances. We feel that this is an opportunity because they are not currently doing any program like this. By focusing on this option Wallingford is able to penetrate untapped markets, increase marketing, actively engage the community and their business, and ultimately increase profitability. Evaluation Wallingford could evaluate the success of promotions, partnerships and strategic alliances by measuring the increase or decreased customer count that promotions and partnerships supplied. Wallingford could keep track of customer awareness by asking customers how they heard about the bowling alley. After a trial period of six months we could come together with Wallingford management and evaluate the decision and the effect it had on increasing the profitability, customer flow and look for a decrease in slow times. Question 1 The steps in the decision making process are; Identifying and diagnosing problems, generating alternative solutions, evaluating alternatives, making the choice, implementing the decision, and evaluating the decision. In using and applying these concepts to this case, with the first step we identify the major problem with the bowling center which is that the profit pool is too low at the end of the year and that capacity and sales needs to be increased. Five alternative solutions are; more advertising, offering incentives to customers during slow hours to increase sales, use the extra space and rooms to generate income by renting that space, closing the business during slow times, put the business on the market to gauge potential profit from sale. In evaluating the alternatives we determine the adequacy of the alternatives that have been generated. More advertising would provide a larger customer base especially for the slow periods in turn increasing profits, but it may not be an adequate solution because of the company’s position of operating expenses; however it could increase profits by luring in more customers especially during times when capacity is low. Offering incentives to customers is an option that could provide more customers that otherwise would not have visited the business. Using the extra space of the bowling alley as a rental for special events especially during slow hours could provide a potential profit in space that would otherwise go unused. Closing the business during slow hours would be a very viable option because it would save on operating costs and in turn increase the profits. Testing the market with this business could also be an option, although the profit pool has not been desirable, the business seems to be established which could be very attractive to potential buyers. It would at least b e worth a look to see what kind of profit margin could be reached with a sell. Wallingford Bowling Center is facing low profit performance after four years in business. This reduced in profit is due to many factors. As we have seen, wallingford is not operating in full capacity for most days of the week but it is still open for twenty four hours regardless of its operation. The net income is 2.38 percent of he total revenue generated and it shows that operation cost is very high. Having the above mentioned problems and more, wallingford can not have a good future unless there is immediate solution for The major challenge the center faces which is maximizing the capacity and also sales. As it is described in the chapter, the decision making process includes six stages: 1, Identifying and diagnosing the problem * In wallingford’s case the problem is low profit performance. 2,Generating Alternative Solutions * Here in our case we can have as many alternative as we can just to mention some of the alternative solutions: a, closing the business in the time when business is low. b, Advertise the organization more. c, Create effective relationship with employees and customers by empowerig the employees and increasing value to existing and new customers. d, motivate customers to come during slow time by offering incentives such as reduced rate. e, To use those extra rooms to generate income by renting or hosting social events and many more. 3,Evaluating Alternative Solutions * Now it is time to determine the adequacy of the alternatives that were generated. A, To close the business in the time whene business is low :- which helps us reduce the cost of operations , utilities, payroll, supplies and some more account and increase the profit. B, Create effective relationship with employees and customers by empowerig the employes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (continue)

Critically assess the significance and the implication Essays

Critically assess the significance and the implication Essays Critically assess the significance and the implication Essay Critically assess the significance and the implication Essay Critically assess the significance and the deduction of rank of the WTO in relation to both the Chinese legal system and legal regulations within China and the outside universe, with mention to specific spheres such as rational belongings. China became a member of the World Trade Organisation ( WTO ) on 11 December 2001. For China, accession meant a cardinal measure frontward in its scheme to catch up with the advanced industrial universe by agencies of market socialism. It meant that China could legalize internationally, its career to recover its topographic point at the universe technological and productiveness frontier within the span of a few decennaries. ( Margarinos and Sercovich 2002. Pg.1 ) what sets China apart from the remainder of the universe is the fact that its accession is portion of a larger scheme of monolithic and cardinal reform. The Chinese authorities embarked on the whole accession undertaking non because they are title-holders of free trade and all that the WTO stands for but because they feel it would give them excess purchase to coerce through hard alterations on the domestic economic system. ( Clarke 2003, Pg. 97 ) The footings of China’s accession has been described as a trade whereby, for the interest of important medium and long term common additions, China accepts the hazards involved in restricting the grade of unconventionality in catching up and China’s trade spouses take the hazards entailed in swearing the ability of China’s leading to present on its committednesss. China’s major hazard is the potentially riotous societal deductions of transporting out within about a decennary, a whole version of its economic, institutional and legal construction to a trade name of market-led competition. ( Margarinos and Sercovich 2002. Pg.1 ) It is obvious that the undertaking of doing China’s Torahs and ordinances conform to the WTO demands is a immense 1. Many of the reforms required of China have strong domestic every bit good as foreign constituency therefore it may non ever be easy for the authorities to implement policies that would guarantee conformity with its WTO demands. An issue that has been the subject of many a argument both within China and without is the consequence within the Chinese legal system of China’s execution of its demands under the WTO understandings. ( Clarke 2003, Pg. 98 ) China had about 177 domestic Torahs and ordinances sing custom disposal, foreign investing, rational belongings and services to guarantee conformity with WTO regulations. ( Margarinos and Sercovich 2002. Pg.2 ) China’s pact duties under the WTO understandings may go portion of domestic jurisprudence in three different ways. The first manner is that they could be embodied, in domestic statute law which includes all important beginnings of province norms in China including readings and other paperss issued by the Supreme People’s Court of China and other organic structures. This attack is known as transformation’ and China has adopted the attack on several occasions. A 2nd manner is through specific mention in domestic statute law. This is known as mediated incorporation’ . The Torahs direct tribunals than where aliens are involved and a jurisprudence proviso conflicts with China’s duty under a pact to which China is signatory, the jurisprudence under the pact should be followed. The 3rd manner is a yet controversial manner. It is the procedure by which pact duties merely organize portion of Chinese domestic jurisprudence without holding to travel through on e of the above phases. This is known as direct incorporation. Academics’ positions as to whether this is possible vary but the authorities are by and large of the sentiment that it is non. ( Clarke 2003, Pg. 99-100 ) . After the Torahs are imported’ , Judgess need to be trained, legal establishments and processs need to guarantee that that the Torahs are reasonably and impartially upheld and that legal opinions are enforceable throughout the state. There is besides the demand for commissariats for changeless reform. ( Margarinos and Sercovich 2002. Pg.2 ) .As pointed out earlier, accession to the WTO has meant that China has had to amend domestic Torahs that relate to countries like foreign investing, rational belongings and services to follow with their WTO demands. In this paper, I will discourse the alterations in China’s legal system and legal regulations within China and the outside universe brought on by its accession to the WTO in footings of foreign investing and rational belongings in a command to measure the significance and deduction of China’s accession. Foreign Direct Investment Since 1978 and particularly since its accession to the WTO understandings, China’s Foreign Direct Investment has increased. This is because China has made Torahs and enforced policies to cut down barriers to Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) . The tools that China used to make this are revenue enhancement grants and particular privileges for foreign investors and the constitution of Open Economic Zones ( OEZs ) . ( Tseng and Zebregs 2002, Pg. 11 ) Upon accession to the WTO understanding, China made farther committednesss in trade liberalization. It made committednesss for riddance of assorted demands of FDI. These committednesss included the riddance of foreign exchange and trade reconciliation, engineering transportation, local content and export public presentation. China has besides eliminated geographic and other limitations in cardinal sectors such as motor vehicles and the increasing of foreign ownership bounds in its telecommunications, life insurance and besides giving full national intervention to foreign Bankss. ( Tseng and Zebregs 2002, Pg. 13 ) The Impact of Accession to the WTO The accession has decidedly helped hike foreign investing to China. States that were hitherto doubting about covering with China for fright of the unjust and prejudiced Torahs are now more relaxed and have the backup of an international pact. The high duties on imports have been eliminated and the limitations on foreign exchange lifted. Foreign Bankss are besides given more favorable intervention. Intellectual Property One of the three pillars of the WTO is the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ( TRIPS ) . Upon accession, China agreed to follow with the commissariats of TRIPS. To make this, China need to amend rather a few of its Torahs on rational belongings protection. Between 1999 and 2002, in expectancy of its accession to WTO, China undertook a major reform of its Patent jurisprudence in August 2000, its hallmark jurisprudence in October 2001 and its Copyright Law in October 2001. In order to follow with TRIPS, Chinese Government made judicial reappraisal available. They besides made preliminary injunctions available and there was a wider scope of damages available. The sum of amendss awarded to claimants was increased. ( Hong et al. 2005 ) The consequence is that Chinese Intellectual Property Laws are now widely acknowledged to be pf international standard’ with minor countries of non-compliance with TRIPS. Having said that though, there is still a job with enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights. There are economic, societal and cultural, political every bit good as institutional grounds for these jobs. Some of the economic factors are that Intellectual belongings is seen as many in the underdeveloped universe to merely protect foreign involvements. There is besides the fact that authorities would desire to protect their ain interest in the economic system. The societal and cultural jobs include deficiency of public consciousness, secondary function of jurisprudence in the society, the deficiency of the construct of single rights every bit good as the haste to catch up with engineering signifier other parts of the universe. Some of the political factors are the penchant for public enforcement mechanisms, th e fact that the Intellectual Property Agency is non unified. The institutional factors are that there are holds in enforcement procedure, there is a deficiency of good trained Judgess and other legal forces and the sum of amendss awarded is still excessively low. The Impact of Accession to the WTO The accession now provides a ground for legal reform. For China, a state known for non using democratic agencies, it gives the people power to inquire for reform as they now have the backup of the universe. Peoples making concern in China can now mention affairs to the WTO difference declaration mechanism. Other Impacts Since accession to the WTO, China has gained favors with the larger universe economic systems like the United States who instantly put China on its Most Favoured Nation List after accession. In footings of the handiness of trained legal forces to manage instances that may originate organize the sometimes drastic amendments of domestic Torahs under the WTO ; China has taken stairss to turn to the job. In March 2002, China held the first disposal of e new unified judicial scrutiny for attorneies, prosecuting officers and Judgess. ( Clarke 2003 Pg 109 ) . Another job that the Chinese Legal System has is that the tribunals are loath to take on sensitive instances. In September 2001, the Supreme People’s Court of China instructed lower tribunals to halt accepting stockholders suits for amendss on certain misdemeanors of China’s Securities Law non because it believed that the stockholders had no rights but because they did non yet have sophisticated adequate processs to cover with these suits. This has nevertheless been resolved as the Court instructed lower tribunals in February 2003 to get down taking on such instances once more. ( Clarke 2003 Pg 110 ) . The good intelligence though is that the WTO does non presume that provinces that are signers to its understandings would hold to the full developed legal systems at the clip they accede. The WTO demands are non that rigorous. Under Article 41 ( 5 ) the TRIPS Agreement ( which has the strictest demands as to legal system ) provides that it does non make an duty a separate enforcement mechanism for rational belongings rights distinct from that for enforcement of jurisprudence in general. The chief job with China’s legal system is the non-availability of independent reappraisal of administrative actions. The tribunals depend on local authoritiess for support and therefore their independency is limited. These jobs were pointed out along clip ago nevertheless, and one can be optimistic that they will be dealt with in due class. Decision It is obvious that globalization with its thoughts of free trade and particularly China’s accession to the WTO has had major impacts on the state. For one thing, foreign investing has increased as investors are more confident that their involvements will be protected and that they now have a signifier of redress quite independent from China’s former non crystalline legal system. Excessive duties and other revenue enhancements have been bit by bit phased out and foreign Bankss are given more privileges. In the country of rational belongings, China has amended its Patent, Copyrights and Trademarks jurisprudence to follow with the demands of TRIPS. Although there still rests jobs of enforcement, portion of which lies in the fact that the Judgess and attorneies are non good qualified, the Chinese Government has taken some stairss towards deciding these issues and there is yet hope. Areas of clash which may take a batch more clip to decide it would look would be for case acquiring China to follow with International Environmental Torahs which is a demand under the WTO Agreement. The fact that some of the alleged innovators of the free trade and WTO motion are non following either is non encouraging. Besides, the fact that China is seen as a Champion of lone Asiatic states but besides most underdeveloped states means that states are likely to emulate their policies. Bibliography Magarinos, C.A. and Sercovich, F.C. ( 2002 ) China’s Accession to the WTO: an Overview of Domestic and External Implications. In C.A. Magarinos, L. Yongtu and F.C. Sercovich ( Eds. ) China in the WTO: The Birth of a New Catching-Up Strategy. London: Palgrave Macmillan Hong et Al ( 2005 ) China Intellectual Property Law Guide Netherlands: Kluwer International Journal Articles Clarke, D. ( 2003 ) China’s Legal System and the WTO: Prospects for Compliance’ , Global Studies Review, 2 ( 97 ) 97-120 Tseng, W. and Zebregs H. Foreign Direct Investment in China: Some Lessons for Other Countries’ , IMF Policy Discussion Paper. Gettable from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/pdp/2002/pdp03.pdf

Festivals in Barbados essays

Festivals in Barbados essays The Caribbean Island of Barbados is quickly becoming a hub for many tourists. In previous years sugar cane was our main source of income; however, it has been quickly overtaken by Tourism. Due to this rise in Tourism, the government had to put several activities in place to attract and keep their most welcomed guests well entertained also with the view of ensuring their return to our shore. Hence, the annual tourism calendar for the island, the government has made provision for seven major festivals billed by many persons as, The Magnificent Seven. These festivals are rich in history and they provide lots of entertainment for our numerous visitors and natives alike. The festivals are namely, the Crop Over festival, Holetown festival, Oistins fish festival, Gospelfest, National Independence festival of Creative Arts, the Congaline Carnival and the Barbados Jazz Festival. The Crop Over festival, the oldest of the festivals is the highlight of the summer. It is an all-island jubilation running from mid-July to early August (Pariser 77) Crop Over originated in the days of the plantation society. During this festival, there is the collision of British and African cultures. The Original event was know as the English Harvest Home Festivities or Harvest Time, signaling the end of the sugar cane harvest. The festival was a combination of a traditional harvest festival and West-African style yam celebrations (78). During this time, the slaves and their masters both had reasons to celebrate the end of the crop. For the planter, this signaled that the last of the crop for the year was ready for shipping to the merchant in England, who in return rewarded the planter with the luxuries of life. For the slave it was the end of the longest and most exhausting part of the year. Thus, the completion of the harvest season brought singing, dancing and general merriment. After the emancipation of the slaves, the fes...

Appraisal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Appraisal - Research Paper Example 2. Do you think that Vice President Winchester would be better off dropping graphic rating forms, substituting instead one of the other techniques we discussed in this chapter, such as a ranking method? Why? Probably the problem doesn’t lie in the graphic ratings form; the problem is tied to what the form is tied to, which is the salary appraisal. It has been mentioned in the case that everyone seems to be biased in filling out the forms, so if forms get filled without any apparent bias, performance evaluation could work with the same graphic forms. If I were Rob, I would develop bonus system for every task done. It would be like a milestone plan. Every secretary’s job would be divided into certain milestones and their job will be to complete it in time satisfactorily. The immediate supervisor will rate their work on quality, schedule, expertise, communication, and knowledge, and will give those stars out of a maximum of five stars. According to this evaluation, each milestone will have its normal salary and then for higher ratings, a bonus. A Value for Money Framework (Rogers & Duffy, 2012, p198) will be built for each secretary This will be different from the previous appraisal system because employee’s bonus will be tied to their performance which already has been categorized in different forms and not just in terms of ‘perfect’, ‘good’ or

The Safety of Recovery Personnel and Rescue Workers Essay

The Safety of Recovery Personnel and Rescue Workers - Essay Example Such feedbacks must be forwarded and processed by the appropriate supervisors and personnel who are in charge of monitoring end results (SLAC 2009). A worksite analysis must be done and should be the preliminary step in determining what jobs and workstations are the impending sources of the problems. In the worksite analysis, exposures, problem tasks, and risks are evaluated and identified (Herman et al 1998). A valuable worksite analysis is comprised of all the jobs and work activities needed in the whole operation. As an industrial hygienist, I would personally recommend adequate inspection, research, and examination on how a certain physical or chemical hazard at the job site can affect the workers’ health before actually letting them enter the work zone; since this is part and parcel of the worksite analysis phase. The result of which will be given appropriate remedial or corrective action (Herman et al 1998). The recognition and control of hazards is relative to the utilization of environmental monitoring and methodical appraisal of hazards in order to detect the range of risks they pose that pertains to the employment of engineering and work practice controls along with other methods to contain any potential hazards, which workers may be exposed to (Herman et al 1998). The appraisal and identification of work hazards including traumas and tensions which are grounds for sickness, impaired health and creates a certain degree of discomfort to workers by way of having contact with chemicals, physical, ergonomic and biological factors is done essentially to recognize said potential conditions and eradicate or manage them through the application of any suitable corrective measures (Herman et al 1998). To decrease the adverse health hazards which employees or workers are exposed to, engineering controls must be modified and put into operation.

The Birth of Swatch Essay Example for Free

The Birth of Swatch Essay The Swatch was well-known watch in the history of the watch industry. When it came out at first, it was quite sensational, resulting in more sales than it expected. Since the Swatch had grown strong in the watch industry, it could maintain its reputation and there were more opportunities to success in this industry. In order to find out its success strategies or factors, the following shows its Strengths and opportunities. In addition, its weaknesses and threats could reflect considerations on this future forward. SWOT analysis Strengths| Weaknesses| * High Consumer loyalty * A clean price * Unique designs * Innovations in automation and assembly * Promising designers were adopted * Good reputation * High quality | * Late entry in a quartz watch market * * More rooms for growth in markets * Still has a name value * Has unique messages and ads| * Numerous numbers of competitors in low-price sector in the watch industry * In the mid-price sector, consumer price sensitive is higher and compete against a number of Hong Kong companies For several reasons, the Swatch was successfully entered the new watch industry with its effective strategies and unique products. Firstly, it committed to vertical integration, building and assembling the low-priced quartz watch in Switzerland. The designing proprietary production techniques helped to reduce the production cost. On top of that, the Swatch tried to deliver the unique message to the consumers, making Swatch more than a commodity and adding genuine emotion to the products. One of the main strengths of the Swatch is its unique design. The various designs of watches were created by the artists, architects, and industrial designers. It introduced new products or lines every time with no repetitions. It led loyal consumers to purchase several Swatch products in different lines. Moreover, the Swatch had a reputation for special innovation. For instance, it introduced the scented, youthful, and unpredictable watches at the reasonable prices so that it could keep high customer loyalty. Swatch spent approximately 30% of the retail price of its watches on advertising as its marketing plan. This was about two times high compared with the industry average. They also were able to use unique marketing events and advertising schemes to promote Swatch, emphasizing on below-the line activities. It also had decentralized marketing and centralized manufacturing systems. Additionally, the company created the Swatch collectors Club for its loyal consumers. The Swatch street journal, a magazine that included all information about Swatch in trends, was produced. It also chose a nontraditional retail approach, creating unexpected points of purchase. For example, it launched the Veggie Swatch line in fruit and vegetable market. SMH pursued shop-in-shop systems or miniboutiques so that consumers could only focus on the Swatch products, not displaying its products with other watches. Those strategies helped Swatch lead this market in the watch industry, selling 26 million swatches in 1992 and reversing SMH’s fortunes. Despite its success, there are some concerns whether the success of the Swatch would continue. Still, the world watch market was highly fragmented except Citizen, Seiko, and SMH. There were numerous watch competitors in Switzerland, Asia, and Unite states. The market share of Swatch was still relatively low in the single digits due to highly-fragmented low price sector. It competed with a growing number of watches manufactured in Asia. Besides, the weakest segment of SMH was the mid-price sector. The consumers in this price range were so sensitive at the prices of watches that it was pretty difficult to compete with the Hong Kong manufacturers. Although there were several limits of SMH, there were so many strengths of its strategy that could lead this market. The Swatch had grown continuously by offering radical innovations in design, durability of the products, and unique marketing plans. SMH had its own technology to manufacture the best quality of watches. In addition, its unique designs created by various designers in different areas were quite competitive and appealing to consumers. If it tried to keep tracking the trends in the watch industry, and reflect what consumers want and changes, there would be more opportunities to continue its success.

Black Holes :: space black hole

Introduction Black holes are one of the more interesting topics in astrophysics. Even though they are commonly accepted as being real, their actual existence has yet to have been proven2. Black holes are objects that have such a concentration of mass that nothing can escape their gravitational pull once it crosses the black hole's event horizon or Schwarzschild radius. The Schwarzschild radius is the radius where, for anything inside, the escape velocity is greater than the speed of light. Since the speed of light is the maximum possible velocity, nothing escapes from a black hole. They are given their name from the fact that they do not emit any light, since light is also pulled into them. History The term "black hole" was first introduced in 1971 by John Archibald Wheeler1. The actual phenomena the term describes was theorized to exist back in 1916 by Karl Schwarzschild. Then, it was just a curiosity as a possible solution to Einstein's general theory of relativity which described gravity as a curvature of space-time2. It wasn't until 1939 that Oppenheimer and Snyder seriously considered the possibility that massive stars could collapse and become what is now called black holes at the end of their lives. Today, black holes are a commonly accepted theory that even the average person has some idea of what they are. There was even a recent Associated Press story about two black holes in the NGC6240 galaxy that scientists predict will someday merge. Properties Black holes have many interesting properties. The most obvious from their name is the fact that they can't be seen since no light is emitted from them. One of the ways they can be detected is by the x-rays given off by the matter being pulled into them before it crosses the Schwarzschild radius. As the matter is pulled in, it gains kinetic energy, heats up, ionizes, and when it reaches a few million Kelvin, emits x-rays3. Black holes can also be detected by the way nearby objects are affected by their immense gravity. As you get nearer to a black hole, light begins to be bent toward it. Black holes have a radius around them that forms what is called the photonsphere. At this point, photons of light can actually orbit the black hole4.

Gallipoli

Gallipoli Essay Gallipoli is a movie directed by Peter Weir that was released in 1981. It stars Mel Gibson as Frank Dunne and Mark Lee as Archie Hamilton. The film is about several young men from rural Western Australia (WA) who enlist for the Australian Army in May 1915, around the time that Australia first entered the great war. The film has three main settings and three main acts. Act one is set in WA, act two is set in Cairo, Egypt during the Australian Army training camps. And the third and final act is set in Gallipoli.During the course of the movie Archie and Frank slowly lose their innocence about the purpose of war. Through out the film Peter Weir uses film techniques such as symbolic, written, audio and technical codes (SWAT codes) to influence the viewer to have a sympathetic view towards Frank and Archie. In Peter Weir’s tragedy Gallipoli the viewer is made to feel sympathetic towards Frank through the use of SWAT codes. The viewer is first introduced to Frank Dunn e in the second scene of the film in an unknown rural region of WA.When the viewer is first introduced to Frank he is with his mates and they are discussing whether to join the infantry or not. All of Frank’s mates are on board but Frank is not convinced. â€Å"If you want to go and get yourselves blown up then by all means join up. † This example symbolises how Frank is more worldly and has an idea about what really happens in war. This quote also makes the viewer immediately feel sympathetic towards Frank as that viewer gets the feeling that he’s going to leave his mates and have to be alone.This then changes when that when we realise that Frank is going to the Kimberly gift to run this is when the viewer learns that Frank is also a runner however he decides to put a bet on himself to win but the viewer can see through the use of technical codes that although he is confident enough to bet on himself he is still worried about losing the money. The use of techni cal codes makes this clear as the viewer is shown a close up on Franks face which has an anxious expression.This example from the film makes the viewer immediately feel sympathetic towards Frank as the viewer can see how worried Frank is about losing possibly his last bit of money through the use of SWAT codes and in this case the use of technical codes. There are many other scenes where Frank is seen to be running in most cases when he is running it usually turns out to be successful. This is also backed up through the use of sound codes. â€Å"Oxygene† by Jean-Michel Jarre is heard whenever Frank is running and in every case he usually turns out to be something happy associated the music.However this is used as a trap to the viewer when the song is once again played when Frank is running from officer Barton to General Gardiner. Immediately the viewer begins to think as though something good will happen as whenever â€Å"Oxygene† is played the viewer associates it wit h something positive. However it becomes obvious that something bad has happened when we see Archie get killed by Turkish soldiers. This example of the use of an audio code clearly shows how SWAT codes are used through out the film to influence the viewer to have a sympathetic view towards Frank.Through out Peter Weir’s film Gallipoli Frank becomes a character that the viewer becomes quite attached to as his character is displayed through out the film. He is seen as a wise, cunning athlete who the viewer becomes very sympathetic towards. This becomes clear from the examples which have been given in the text above. In Peter Weir’s film Gallipoli The viewer is made to feel sympathetic towards Archie. The viewer is made to feel this way through the use of SWAT codes. The viewer is first introduced to Archie in the very first scene of the Peter Weir’s film Gallipoli.The viewer is given a written code saying â€Å"Western Australia, May, 1915† This written cod e immediately makes the viewer feel sympathetic towards Archie as it is discovered that he is alive during the time that Australia first entered the great war the viewer also immediately makes the assumption that Archie is going to join up as written codes have suggested in the credits. Evidence of this written code that suggests that Archie may join up is in the opening credits. In gothic, blood red text the title says: â€Å"Gallipoli†.This example again makes the viewer feel sympathetic towards Archie as one may get the feeling that something bad may happen to him. Archie’s appearance is another characteristic that makes the viewer feel sympathetic towards him. Archie’s appearance is of a young faced tanned, blonde haired ‘typical Australian’. His appearance also symbolises Australia as a nation in being that it is a very young country. This symbolic code that Peter Weir has used helps the viewer feel sympathetic towards Archie as the viewer may feel that he is just too young o go to war. In the examples given above it becomes clear how the viewer is positioned to have a sympathetic view towards Archie through the use of SWAT codes. Overall I enjoyed Peter Weir’s film ‘Gallipoli’ I found that it had a sad yet comedic view to it and showed the Australian culture during the early years of its federation. The film also showed how nothing good comes out of war and that many young people with infinite potential such as Frank and Archie were killed because of some body else’s war.The film also made the viewer feel in a sympathetic way towards the main characters Frank and Archie. The viewer is positioned to feel this way through the use of film techniques known as SWAT codes. Examples of when these codes are used are shown through out the film have been shown in text above via examples of speech quotes from the film, camera angle and technique analysis, audio analysis, and written text quotes. Through a ll these examples of where SWAT codes have been used it becomes very clear how the viewer begins to have a sympathetic view towards Frank and Archie.

A Debate on Political Philosophy: Hamilton Versus Jefferson Essay

In the late 1700s to the early 1800s, the United States was in need of a political philosophy that interpreted the Constitution loosely, avoided possibly catastrophic wars, and built up the economy in the easiest and most efficient way possible, all which were found best in Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton believed that the time called for a loose interpretation, or construction, of the Constitution. He and his Federalist followers invoked the idea of â€Å"elastic clause†, a way in which the people could bend exactly what the Founding Fathers were saying to help make it apply to the problems of the time. See more: Foot Binding In China essay The nation and her Constitution were still young and growing, and the ability to form the government as the country progressed was essential to having any national growth at all. Jefferson, on the other hand, believed in a strict construction of the Constitution and the rights of individual states, not federal unity like Hamilton did. Unfortunately, it was clear to many that the rights of individual states, similar to the states’ rights that they had experienced under the Articles of Confederation, were not making the nation stronger, but instead getting each state into more trouble, politically and economically. Foreign affairs also impacted why Hamilton’s Federalist philosophy worked for the time. As the United States was just coming out of a war, we were weak: militarily, economically, and politically. The last thing that we needed was to enter into the French Revolutionary War that held enormous stakes. The Jeffersonians, however, favored honoring the 1778 French-American Alliance that we had made, in order to repay them for helping us win our freedom, even though the French had never officially called on America to honor the alliance. George Washington, sensing that war would be too much for such a fragile nation, issued the 1793 Neutrality Proclamation warning Americans not to be partial to either side, so America would be better protected. Hamilton’s economic policies and financial system was also the most effective way to build the new economy up. Hamilton’s policies were shaped to favor the wealthy, but in such a way that the wealthy would lend the government money and give it political support, which would then cause the federal regime to strive, higher classes to fatten and grow with new wealth, and prosperity to trickle to the masses. Hamilton believed in forming a national credit out of all the states debts, as well as creating a Bank of the United States to have the government support itself in stock. Jefferson believed, contrary to Hamilton’s more â€Å"urban† views of economic progress, that rural and private farming would be the fairest way to build up the economy – from the bottom classes up. However, this would have been a very time consuming process and was therefore not suited for the infant America, who needed to grow quickly to find its place in the rest of the world. Jefferson also thought a Bank of the United States was unconstitutional and forbidden by the Founding Fathers instructions in the Constitution. However, Hamilton proved that the Constitution permitted it by showing how the Constitution stipulates that Congress may pass any laws â€Å"necessary and proper† to carry out the powers vested in the various government agencies, including the powers to collect taxes and regulate trade, therefore making a communal bank for the nation ideal and very beneficial to building and supporting an economy. In today’s American, however, Jefferson’s philosophy would be much better suited. Today, it seems as though we have almost lost track of what the Founding Fathers wanted for this country, so going back to a stricter construction of the Constitution would stop many of the questionable laws passed thanks to an overly bendable elastic clause. Also, since the United States has been caught up in meddling in so many other nations’ political affairs as of late, we need to be reminded of honoring our alliances and keeping an open mind when dealing with other countries that are in a current struggle. Now that we are an experienced nation in how to achieve and maintain independence, we are strong enough to help other countries do the same, although we would not have been in 1789 for the French Revolution. Finally, today’s America has a very strong and stubborn upper class that, much of the time, promises to allow profit to trickle through to the extremely large middle class but does not follow through with those plans. Since it is too hard to work with the upper class to give prosperity to the lower classes, using Jefferson’s philosophy of building up from the bottom, though it make take a while, will eventually work and make the American more equal. Overall, Hamilton’s ideas of a more loose construction of the Constitution, caution when it came to foreign affairs, and working through the wealthy to give prosperity to all Americans were well suited to the late 1700s and early 1800s. However, now that times are different, Jefferson’s ideas are more applicable to our country’s needs of a more regulated government, more positive foreign affairs and well thought out foreign policies, and an equal economy that starts with helping the lower and middle classes to expand and grow in their own way.

Example of Two Sample T Test and Confidence Interval

Example of Two Sample T Test and Confidence Interval Sometimes in statistics, it is helpful to see worked out examples of problems.   These examples can help us in figuring out similar problems.   In this article, we will walk through the process of conducting inferential statistics for a result concerning two population means. Not only will we see how to conduct a hypothesis test about the difference of two population means, we will also construct a confidence interval for this difference.   The methods that we use are sometimes called a two sample t test and a two sample t confidence interval. The Statement of the Problem Suppose we wish to test the mathematical aptitude of grade school children.   One question that we may have is if higher grade levels have higher mean test scores. A simple random sample of 27 third graders is given a math test, their answers are scored, and the results are found to have a mean score of 75 points with a sample standard deviation of 3 points. A simple random sample of 20 fifth graders is given the same math test and their answers are scored. The mean score for the fifth graders is 84 points with a sample standard deviation of 5 points. Given this scenario we ask the following questions: Does the sample data provide us with evidence that the mean test score of the population of all fifth graders exceeds the mean test score of the population of all third graders?What is a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean test scores between the populations of third graders and fifth graders? Conditions and Procedure We must select which procedure to use. In doing this we must make sure and check that conditions for this procedure have been met. We are asked to compare two population means. One collection of methods that can be used to do this are those for two-sample t-procedures. In order to use these t-procedures for two samples, we need to make sure that the following conditions hold: We have two simple random samples from the two populations of interest.Our simple random samples do not constitute more than 5% of the population.The two samples are independent of one another, and there is no matching between the subjects.The variable is normally distributed.Both the population mean and standard deviation are unknown for both of the populations. We see that most of these conditions are met.   We were told that we have simple random samples.   The populations that we are studying are large as there are millions of students in these grade levels. The condition that we are unable to automatically assume is if the test scores are normally distributed. Since we have a large enough sample size, by the robustness of our t-procedures we do not necessarily need the variable to be normally distributed. Since the conditions are satisfied, we perform a couple of preliminary calculations. Standard Error The standard error is an estimate of a standard deviation. For this statistic, we add the sample variance of the samples and then take the square root. This gives the formula: (s1 2 / n1 s22 / n2)1/2 By using the values above, we see that the value of the standard error is (32 / 27 52 / 20)1/2 (1 / 3 5 / 4 )1/2 1.2583 Degrees of Freedom We can use the conservative approximation for our degrees of freedom. This may underestimate the number of degrees of freedom, but it is much easier to calculate than using Welchs formula. We use the smaller of the two sample sizes, and then subtract one from this number. For our example, the smaller of the two samples is 20. This means that the number of degrees of freedom is 20 - 1 19. Hypothesis Test We wish to test the hypothesis that fifth-grade students have a mean test score that is greater than the mean score of third-grade students. Let ÃŽ ¼1 be the mean score of the population of all fifth graders. Similarly, we let ÃŽ ¼2 be the mean score of the population of all third graders. The hypotheses are as follows: H0: ÃŽ ¼1 - ÃŽ ¼2 0Ha: ÃŽ ¼1 - ÃŽ ¼2 0 The test statistic is the difference between the sample means, which is then divided by the standard error. Since we are using sample standard deviations to estimate the population standard deviation, the test statistic from the t-distribution. The value of the test statistic is (84 - 75)/1.2583. This is approximately 7.15. We now determine what the p-value is for this hypothesis test. We look at the value of the test statistic, and where this is located on a t-distribution with 19 degrees of freedom. For this distribution, we have 4.2 x 10-7 as our p-value. (One way to determine this is to use the T.DIST.RT function in Excel.) Since we have such a small p-value, we reject the null hypothesis. The conclusion is that the mean test score for fifth graders is higher than the mean test score for third graders. Confidence Interval Since we have established that there is a difference between the mean scores, we now determine a confidence interval for the difference between these two means. We already have much of what we need. The confidence interval for the difference needs to have both an estimate and a margin of error. The estimate for the difference of two means is straightforward to calculate. We simply find the difference of the sample means. This difference of the sample means estimates the difference of the population means. For our data, the difference in sample means is 84 – 75 9. The margin of error is slightly more difficult to compute. For this, we need to multiply the appropriate statistic by the standard error. The statistic that we need is found by consulting a table or statistical software. Again using the conservative approximation, we have 19 degrees of freedom. For a 95% confidence interval we see that t* 2.09. We could use the T.INV function in Excel to calculate this value. We now put everything together and see that our margin of error is 2.09 x 1.2583, which is approximately 2.63. The confidence interval is 9  Ã‚ ± 2.63. The interval is 6.37 to 11.63 points on the test that the fifth and third graders chose.

Pronouncing the Spanish B and V

Pronouncing the Spanish B and V Although the Spanish b and v arent difficult to pronounce, they are often confusing for beginning Spanish students, who are easily tempted to give them the same sounds as they have in English. How B and V Are Pronounced Alike The most important thing to remember about pronouncing the Spanish b and v is that in standard Spanish they are pronounced exactly alike. Although English makes a clear distinction in how the two letters are pronounced, Spanish does not. For all practical purposes, the b and v can be thought of as the same letter in terms of pronunciation. In fact, is isnt unusual for native Spanish speakers, especially children, to confuse them when spelling, and a few words (such as ceviche or cebiche, a type of seafood dish) can be spelled with either letter. What can make matters somewhat complicated for beginning Spanish students is that each of the letters has two distinct sounds that vary depending on the letters or sounds around them, and both are different from (although similar to) the English sounds. The two sounds are: The hard b or v: This sound is known in phonetics as a voiced stop. It is much like the English b but less explosive.The soft b or v: This sound is the more common of the two and is classified as a voiced bilabial fricative, meaning that a voiced sound that is squeezed between the two lips, forming a kind of buzzing sound. In other words it is much like the English v but with the two lips touching instead of the lower lip and upper teeth. The sound of the English v such as in the word victory does not exist in standard Spanish. The hard b or v is used after pauses, such as at the beginning of a sentence or when a word is standing alone and begins with b or v. It is also used after the m or n sounds, the latter of which can sound much like an m when it comes before a b or v. Some speakers also use the hard b or v after the d in words such as advertencia (warning). See the boldfaced examples in these sentences: Vamos a la playa. (Lets go to the beach. The v comes at the beginning of the sentence.)Queremos terminar el embargo contra el paà ­s. (We want to end embargo against the country. The b comes after an m.)Envolvieron los galletas con film transparente. (They wrapped the cookies in plastic wrap. The n in envolvieron sounds much like an m. Note how the only the first v in envolvieron gets the hard sound.) In other situations, the soft b or v is used. Between vowels it can become extremely soft. La evolucià ³n se estudia en clases de biologia. (Evolution is studied in biology classes. Note how the b in biologà ­a gets the soft sound even though it comes at the beginning of the word. In normal speech, there is no pause between biologà ­a and the preceding word.)Cantabamos en la playa. (We were singing on the beach. The b is pronounced because it comes between two vowels.) ¡Brava! (Excellent!) (The first letter gets the hard sound because its at the beginning of an utterance, but the v is between vowels.) In the word obvio (obvious), the b gets the hard sound, while the v gets the soft sound. When spelling out loud in Spanish, the b is sometimes referred to as be alta, be grande, or be larga in order to distinguish it from the v, usually called uve (which became its official name a few years ago), ve baja, ve chica, or ve corta. The Problem of Homophones Although the Latin b and v were pronounced differently, they gradually merged in Spanish. As a result, some words are spelled differently but have the same pronunciation. Usually the context will make clear which word was meant. Here are the most common such homophones: basta (enough), vasta (vast)bello (beautiful), vello (down of a bird)bienes (property), vienes (conjugated form of venir, to come)rebelarse (to rebel), revelarse (to reveal oneself)baca (luggage rack), vaca (cow)acerbo (bitter), acervo (heritage) Key Takeaways In standard Spanish, the b and v are identical in terms of pronunciation.The b and v are pronounced somewhat like a soft version the English b after a pause and after the m sound.In other situations, the b and v are pronounced somewhat like the English v but with the lips touching each other.

Small Business Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Small Business Finance - Essay Example Another is the Firestone Energy Limited, which classifies, assesses, develops mineral survey and mining schemes mainly situated in Australia and Africa, and discovers coal (Firestone energy, 2011). Legal Ownership Structure As at the time of the prospectus; Exterra Resources Limited owned rights to obtain full interest in the Linden Gold operation to be found at the southern part of the Laverton Tectonic Zone, on the eastern border of the Norseman-Wiluna belt; and the Egerton scheme sited in the Gascoyne region on the northern boundary of Yilgarn Craton. The firm also has rights to get hold of 90% interest Leonora Gold venture found in the Archaean Norseman-Wiluna belt, at the east of Leonora in the Murrin Greenstone Belt (Exterra Resources Limited, 2011). In 2009, this company was also incorporated and was found in West Perth, Australia. Likewise, Firestone Energy Limited was given the Mining Right authorization to quarry coal for three decades on the seven properties enclosed in th e venture by the Mineral Resources sector in South Africa. The authorization was in condition that a sum of A$1million to be paid in 10 days, which was to be a set down for the Mine Rehabilitation requirement (Firestone energy, 2011). ... There were resources and main targets for instant drilling on record (Exterra Resource Limited, 2011). In addition, diamond drilling outcome for the three ventures was reliable with past drilling and with various catches having observable gold. Simultaneously, offer from Firestone Energy was not countersigned. The issuers were moved by the fact that, the company had joint business enterprises with international black cost-effective empowerment mining and Power Company with more than eight firms in the Waterberg coalfield, where it intended to enlarge a coal mining scheme. They needed to exploit investor’s significance by supplying and increasing possible mineral plans. They also wanted a rapid investigation plan to develop the Waterberg source. Signaling Mechanism that Issuer’s used There are so many indicators that the issuers in the two companies have used. Such like, how the offer would affect the company and its net asset per share the effects that the issue will ha ve to the monetary status of the business. The productivity and -trade and industry risks, foreign exchange rate variations, risk of the offer to the company and the capital obligation, as well. Furthermore, they have considered the environmental threats, discovering of economic resources and the extent of success of the ventures (Firestone Energy, 2010). They also raised concern on access to land and their access to additional capital. The issuers should utilize these signals to allow the prospects and then public at large to evaluate the situations and be able to make independent decisions. These will always guide on how trustworthy the offer is and how much beneficial it will be to the

Review paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Review paper - Essay Example Their shape varies from simple helical and icosahedral (polyhedral or near-spherical) forms, to more complex structures with tails or an envelope. Viruses infect cellular forms of life and are grouped into animal, plant and bacterial viruses. There always been a discussion whether viruses are living organisms. Some consider them non-living as they do not meet the criteria of the definition of life. For example, unlike most organisms, viruses do not have cells. However, viruses have genes and evolve by natural selection. The viruses mutate and compete. They have been described as organisms at the edge of life. The main feature of virus is that it usually destroys or modifies the cell it infects , thus exist as a potential agent that could afflict mankind and cause numerous dieseases as ranging from common cold, rabies, small pox, mumps, polio ,chicken pox , measles, rubella, hemorrhagic fevers to the Acquired Immuno Deficiency syndrome. Viral infections in human as well as animal hosts usually result in an immune response and disease. Often, a virus is completely eliminated by the immune system. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, but antiviral drugs have been developed to treat life-threatening infections. Vaccines th at produce lifelong immunity can prevent virus infections. The main area still now developed in antiviral therapy to stop the viral replication is targeted either on viral replication or the process of polyprotein clevage. Over a long period of known human history terrible epidemics involved humanity. The flu, smallpox, and plague killed millions of people. The epidemics of â€Å"Black Death† in the 14th century killed almost one third of Europe’s population. These terrible epidemics left traces in the genome of populations. There appeared a probability to resist diseases. Scientists find new surprising abilities of immunity to resist viral attacks. In this paper I would like to discuss some of the

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 208

Assignment Example The equations of the model are: C = 120 + 0.86Y, I = 300, G = 520, T = 0, X = 180, IM = 0.12Y. Total autonomous spending in this model is 12) Consider the following news headline: "Business community gloomy about the economy-investment plans axed." Assuming that aggregate output is demand-determined, what effect will this have, all other things equal, on the AE function and on equilibrium national income? 14) Consider a simple macro model with a constant price level and demand-determined output. Suppose desired aggregate expenditures are less than the current level of national income. The vertical distance between the AE curve and the 45-degree line represents Generally, a decline in interest rates significantly boosts consumption, for this induces individuals to borrow from banks; borrowings used for consumption expenditures. An increase in the interest rate, however, sends negative signals to the market, in effect, reducing borrowings used for consumption expenditures. A brief look suggests that anticipated changes in income, which may entail tax changes, indeed impacts consumption in one way or the other. The precise effect, however, depends on whether the perceived changes are temporary or permanent. An anticipated cut on income will automatically reduce consumption expenditures. Increases in income will thus boost consumption. The challenge, therefore, depends on the specific expectations and contexts in which the increases or decreases are implemented. Each of the following headlines describes an event that will have an effect on desired aggregate expenditure. Which component (or sector) of AE would be affected? What will be the effect on equilibrium national income? Explain The component of aggregate expenditure that would be affected with the minister’s pledge is the Consumption component. Basically, the announcement will leave workers with an increment in their

Chapter Study Questions 1 & 2 Essay Example for Free

Chapter Study Questions 1 2 Essay 1.What percentage of Texans live in urban areas (cities suburbs)?   90% of the population now lives in crowed cities and suburbs. 2.Name the three cities in Texas that are three of the largest in US?   Houston, San Antonio and Dallas 3.What are the three diverse economic businesses in Texas? 4 Oil and gas producer now work alongside high-tech companies, telecommunications giants, and other important business sectors. 4.In what areas does Texas consistently rank at the bottom in state spending compared to other states? 4 Texas consistently ranks near the bottom of the states in spending on education, welfare, and healthcare for poor. 5.Is Texas a high-tax, high-business regulatory state or is it low-tax, low-regulatory?   Texas is low-tax and low-regulatory climate. 6.Are Texas well informed about government and elected officials? Do they trust government? 4 Texans are woefully ignorant of their state and local government and the public officials who make important decisions affecting their daily lives. 7.Does Texas have a regressive or progressive tax system and what do these mean?   Texas has a regressive tax system, which means a tax that imposes a disproportionately heavier burden on low-income people than on the more affluent. 8.What is meant by economic diversification and has Texas done this? 6 Economic diversification is the development of new and varied business activities. New business were encouraged to relocated to or expand in Texas after the oil and gas industry, which had been the base of the state’s economy, suffered a major recession in the 1980’s. 9.What is meant by ‘cowboy rugged individualism’ and how has this impacted Texans’ views of government as a solution to problems?   The cowboy rugged individualism, with strong connotations of self-help and independence, symbolizes a political culture in Texas that does not like to look to government as a solution to many of its problems. It is the kind of individualism that continues to be exploited by political candidates in campaign ads. 10. What impact did having a frontier have on Texans? On might argue that the â€Å"wide-open spaces† of the frontier shaped Texan’s  view of their autonomy, independence, and vulnerability. It has clearly shaped attitudes toward land and the legal right to use land as one sees fit. 11. What three combined groups now make up the majority of Texans and how does their historical experiences differ from that of Anglos? What celebration are part of their political culture?   African American, Hispanic, and Asian Americans. The white population have limited relevance to the relevance to the cultural and historical experiences of many African American and Hispanic Texans. For African American is Martin Luther King Jr’s birthday as state holiday in 1991. And for Hispanics is the Cinco de Mayo. 12.Just what does political culture mean and describe the individualistic subculture in terms of government size, assistance, politics, and primary goals? 9 Political culture a widely shared set of views, attitudes, beliefs and customs of a people as to how their government should be organized and run. Individualistic subculture holds that politics and government function as a marketplace. Government does not have to be concerned with creating a good or moral society but exists for strictly. Government should be limited, and its intervention in the private activities of its citizens should be kept to a minimum. The Government primary function is to ensure the stability of a society so that individuals can pursue their own interests. 13. Describe the moralistic subculture in terms of government size, assistance, politics, and primary goals? 9-10 Moralistic subculture is a view that government’s primary reasonability is to promote the public welfare and should actively use its authority and power to improve the social and economic well-being of its citizens. The Moralistic subculture regards politics as one of the great activities of a man in his search for the good society. 14.Describe the traditionalistic subculture in terms of government size, assistance, politics, and primary goals? 10 a view that political power should e concentrated in the hands of a few elite citizens who belong to established families or influential social groups. Public policy basically serves the interests of this small group. The traditionalistic subculture  holds the view that there is a hierarchical arrangement to the political order. This hierarchy serves to limit the power and influence of general public, while allocating authority to few individuals who comprise self-perpetuating elites. 15. In what states or colonies did you originally find these three subcultures and what two best describe Texas? 16. How big is the Native American population in Texas and of the three remaining groups, do they have the right to have casinos? 11 Alabama-Coushatta, Tigua and Kickappo are the three small Native American groups that live on reservations in Texas. And the Native American population is less than one-half of 1 percent of the States total population. They have been denied the right to run casinos on their reservation. Even thought, their leader consider casinos a major potential source of revenue, jobs and economic development for their people, but recent efforts to change state law have been unsuccessful. 17. Were there ever a great many Hispanics in Texas prior to 1830 and what was it down to by 1887? How much had this increased by 1930, 1990, and 2012? 12 Prior 1830 the Hispanic population were a small minority of the population. By 1887 the Hispanic population had declined to approximately 4 percent of state’s population. In 1930 it was 12 percent and was concentrated in the border counties from Brownsville to el Paso. By 1990s, it had reached 25 percent, spurred by immigration from Mexico and other Latin American countries. By 2012 the Hispanics comprised 37.6 percent of the state’s population. 18.What two ethnic or racial groups are growing the fastest in Texas and by 2030-what group will be the largest? How have Hispanics done in terms of elected officials compared to other states?12 The two ethnic will be Asian and Hispanics. However the Hispanics are likely to exceed 50 percent of the state’s total. 19. Compare the %s of Anglos, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians found in Texas in 1860 and those found in 2010? Chart 13 In 1860 it was a percent of 63.2% of Anglo. The 30.3 % are African American and 6.5% were Hispanic. However in 2010, 45.3% were Anglo, 11.5% were African American, 37.6% were Hispanic and 5.6% were other. 20.Where do African Americans tend to live in Texas?   African American settled in large numbers in the urban areas of Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston and Austin. 21. In 2010, how many Texans were there and what was the growth rate of the state compared to the national growth rate and where did people move from and to in the US? 16 According to the 2010 census, the state’s population was 25,145,561, an increase of approximately 4.3 million people in ten years. This growth rate of 20.6 percent was significantly higher than the national growth rate of growth rate of 9.7 percent.